Exploratory Paper On Political Ideology History Essay

Exploratory Paper On Political Ideology History Essay Political ideology is defined as a set of ideals and principles created for social order. Thus, after much consideration and deliberation, I chose to work on Political Ideology. Politics appeals to me because I have been intrigued by how it can inspire the masses with powerful rhetorics by charismatic personalities. President Barack Obama is a political leader whom I greatly admire for his oratory eloquence displayed during his maiden speeches in the U.S. Presidential Elections 2008. I was captivated by his Yes We Can! speech which moves the crowd to disperse all doubts about their future and believing that America will succeed under his leadership. Marxism-Leninism and Maoism are communism by nature but takes on a different form to cater to the circumstances in their respective countries, Russia and China. Marxism-Leninism is a political ideology that is based on Valdimir Lenins writing on the ideas of Karl Marx. Marxism advocates socialism while being heavily critical on capitalism which he believes is the dictatorship of the bourgeoisie, which means a society run by the upper echelons of society to their own benefit. His idea of socialism is that the society will be run by the working class known as the dictatorship of the proletariat. Marxs ideas were heavily influenced by the class struggle in society. One significant event that epitomises Marxism-Leninism ideology would be the 1917 October revolution in Petrograd, currently known as St. Petersburg. Valdimir Lenin was the leader of the Bolshevik (communist) Party that toppled the Russian Provisional government and created a new form of Russia called Soviet Russia which borrowed Marxism ideologies along with it. The Bolshevik won over the support of the majority of the workers and soldiers because of the repressive and autocratic ruling by the imperialist Tsar which resulted in declining economic and social conditions. The working class was unhappy with long working hours, overcrowded housing problems with poor sanitary control, low wages which was made worst by increases in cost of living due to Russias involvement in World War one at that time. Thus Lenin-led Bolshevik appealed to the masses and faced little resistance when they staged a coup, occupying government buildings and strategic points. In China, Maoism is a political ideology that straddles along the Marxism-Leninist line. Peasants and farming forms the fundamental and building blocks of a socialist society. The difference between Lenins Russia and Maos China is dictatorship of the working class while another is the dictatorship of the peasants. Mao Zedong rise to the top of the Chinese Communist Party was nothing short of spectacular. He was a founding member of the Chinese Communist Party in 1921 and was actively involved in spreading Marxist ideas to the peasants in his hometown of Hunan Province. The most significant event in the history of communist China is The Long March in 1934-1935. During the Zunyi conference, Zhou Enlai was ousted as the Chief Political Officer of the party while Mao Zedong was elected Chairman of the Politburo with backings from the military leaders and he has never relinquished his position since. Mao Zedong was credited for unifying China as a Peoples Republic and away from imperialism (Qing Dynasty) and feudalism (War-Lords). Also, the Long March gave the Chinese Communist Party the reputation that they are willing to endure hardship for the people and to formulate policies on land reform that would reduce the plight of Chinese peasants thus gaining wide support from the peasants. Another difference from Marxism-Leninism is the deep belief that man can prevail in harsh conditions and achieved things through strong willpower. He personally pushed through this ideology during the Great Leap Forward (1958-1960) and the Cultural Revolution (1968-1976). Maoism ideologies can also be found in Peru and Nepal. Locally, Singapore also had brushes with communist in the past. The Barisan Socialis was a former left-wing political party formed in 1961 by former members of the PAP (Peoples Action Party) and led by Dr Lee Siew Choh and Lim Chin Siong. The party was accused by the PAP to be a communist front and deemed a threat to national security which resulted in many Barisan Socialis members arrested and imprisoned without trial during operation coldstore by the internal security department. Singapore, widely regarded as a democratic society, would be understandably not be tolerant of the Barisan Socialis, supposedly advocates of communism since that would be conflict of political ideologies. However, based on an extract below, I felt that it could be reasons of a partisan nature. In a recently declassified Colonial office papers, Baron Philip Moore, who was Deputy High Commissioner of Britain in Singapore from 1963 to 1965, was quoted as saying: He (Lee) went on to suggest that in order to avoid the Communists taking over, he would create a situation in which the UK Commissioner would be force to suspend the Constitution. This might be done either by the Singapore Government inviting a Russian trade mission to Singapore thus forcing a constitutional crisis, or by instigating riots and disorder, requiring the intervention of British troops. I did however, form the impression that he was quite certain he would lose a general election and was seriously toying with the thought of forcing British intervention in order to prevent his political enemies from forming a government. (CO 1030/1149 p.95, para 3) In history, after revolutions for a change in political ideology, there would be power struggle for leadership as can be seen in the Chinese Communist Party. Mao Zedong wiped out all that threatens his position as leader and started the Cultural Revolution. In the Soviet Union, after Lenins death, Joseph Stalin and Leon Trotsky fought for power to lead. In the end, Stalin ordered the assassination of Trotsky. The lesson to be learned from history is that power struggles for leadership happens before, during and after a revolution. Leaders clinging to power would use all means to consolidate their status by eliminating political rivals. It is no difference regardless of political ideologies.

Integration versus generic approach Essay

Integration versus Generic Approach Author Note This paper is being submitted on November 17, 2013, HS/100 Introduction to Human services course. Integration versus Generic Approach The integration concept is that which emphasis’s on the integrating of the various human services systems under one organizational or administrative system. In the most basic terms, an integrated service delivery approach serves people better, more efficiently and effectively. Integration calls for people within agencies to be involved and invested in the process of sustainable change. To achieve truly integrated services, organizations must overcome their own interests and look at clients’ needs. (Friedman and Pagan, 2011). Today technology allows human service agencies to have a comprehensive view of client need, giving caseworkers the best information to look at services across programs and to allocate available resources to assist customers. This enables agencies to deploy necessary services quickly in a well-coordinated fashion (Freidman and Pagen, 2011). The generic approach to human services, in part, has integration, but it is generally believed that the existing human services structure is most accurately described as an array of potentially related programs that deliver distinct benefits or services to narrowly defined target populations. These programs are usually separate and distinct, through which money, regulations, and professional norms, and expectations flow. While some overlapping across programs has always existed, each usually operates in a relatively self-contained manner (Corbett and Noyes, 2008). I believe that the integration approach serves our publics best interest. To have all systems and programs come together to see the big picture, to focus on all the problems together, instead of having to go place to place to work on separate issues Unfortunately, a  ready-made definition of service integration does not exist. We have not been able to find a magic threshold that marks the separation of unintegrated service systems from those we would characterize as integrated (Corbett and Noyes, 2008). (Ragan, 2003) states, â€Å"There is no single answer. Based on observations†¦service integration is a combination of strategies that simplifies and facilitates clients’ access to benefits and services. Each site has implemented a distinctive mix of strategies, processes, and partner agencies†.

The Dramatic Uses of Intoxication in Shakespeares Play...

‘The Tempest is thought to be Shakespeares last play, written in approximately 1611. ‘The Tempest belongs to the Romance Genre. Generally, the following features are found in a Romance: - a trial and test, a dynastic marriage, magic and the supernatural. ‘The Tempest includes the above features, in at least one of the three main plots. These plots are the romance between Ferdinand and Miranda; the comedy of Caliban, Stephano and Trinculo and finally, the tragedy planned by Antonio and Sebastian. All three plots, however, follow a strict structure in the form of a shipwreck, a meeting, a temptation/test, a reward/ punishment and lastly the reconciliation. In each of these plots, there is a recurrent motif, which is intoxication.†¦show more content†¦In reply to the declaration of his feelings, Miranda offers him, her most valuable possession ‘The jewel in my dower. In Shakespearean times, this was not a decision to make lightly and shows the extent of trust in Ferdinand despite his talking of other women. The intoxication has made her blind to any wrongs which could happen or how she could be used as well as the disappointment her father may have. Shakespeare, during lines 60 to 67 use some terms in an unusual pattern as he refers to a ‘prince which rises in station to a ‘King but then falls to ‘wooden slavery, ‘service and his becoming a ‘slave. This is unusual as in History, it has been considered as preposterous for a King to renounce his title and lower himself as the Bible indicates that Kings and Queens were Gods chosen rulers and in Shakespeares time, religion was more important than it is today. So the thought of a ‘king lowering himself to such labours represents the control the intoxication has over even a Kings protection of his reputation. Prospero realises during this scene that the result of the couples declarations could be unpleasant and declares that ‘Heaven rain grace/ On that which breeds ‘em! for Prosperos sights of a

Modernism - Araby and the Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock...

Modernists aimed to reflect reality in ways more ‘real’ than conventional literature. The modernism movement was prompted by a widespread disillusionment in society that resulted from contextual events. This allowed an altered view of the world as fractured and chaotic, especially due to paralysis and alienation in modern society. This newly perceived reality is reflected through techniques of fragmentation in modernist works such as James Joyce’s short story â€Å"Araby† and T.S. Eliot’s poem â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock†. In the late 1800s and early 1900s, fundamental and far-reaching changes in society often made individuals feel wary and estranged from their surrounding world. These changes included urbanization, technological†¦show more content†¦He secretly watches and fantasizes over the girl but lacks courage to even speak with her. Images of him â€Å"[standing] by the railings looking at her† and â€Å"[lying] on the floor†¦watching her door† effectively communicate his frustration and immobility. At the end of the story, after the boy acts on his feelings and arrives at the bazaar, â€Å"the light was out† and he â€Å"[gazes] up into the darkness†. The motif of light and dark reappears, symbolizing that the grim reality forms a final impenetrable barrier that stops him reaching his idealized goal, even after overcoming his inability to act. It is the ultimate paralysis of the individual as a result of a paralyzed world. T.S. Eliot also expresses this restriction of the individual due to society. Prufrock’s incapacity to act revolves around his social and sexual anxieties, the two usually tied together. The name â€Å"Prufrock† itself is connotative of a â€Å"prude† in a â€Å"frock†, showing the idea of social constrain. To reflect Prufrock’s point of view as ‘real’ as possible, Eliot adopts the poetic form of a dramatic monologue and uses stream of consciousness to directly portray Prufrock’s deeply fragmented thought processes. The audience observes his paralysis through the looping interruptions of self-interrogation and self-consciousness in his train of thought. Prufrockian paralysis is rooted in the poem’s structure as well. Eliot deploys refrains, such as â€Å"In the room the women come