Erik Erikson’s Eight Stages of Development - 1963 Words

Opening Erik Erikson stated that there are eight psychosocial stages of development. Within each of these stages, he states that there is a crisis that must be resolved. Trust vs. mistrust is the first, which occurs from the time you were born to about one year of age. From there you move on to autonomy vs. shame and doubt, which occurs from ages one to three. Then there is initiative vs. guilt, which occurs from age’s three to six. After that it is industry vs. inferiority, which occurs between ages, is six to twelve. Fowling that is intimacy vs. isolation, which occurs between ages eighteen to thirty. Then comes generativity vs. stagnation, which occurs between ages thirty and into late adulthood. The last stage is integrity vs. despair,†¦show more content†¦The child will have learned how to say no and the power of the word. If the caregiver allows the child to discover and learn new things on their own, than the children can develop a sense of autonomy. If the caregiver i s strict and does not let the child, discover things on there own the child can develop a sense of shame and doubt. There will be a sense of will in this stage. One of the neighbor kids I watch is currently in this stage. He is 2  ½ years old. He has begun to do many things by himself. He no longer needs me to feed him or stabilize him as he walks. His parents have even started him with early learning programs so he can learn by himself. He should grow up to have a sense of autonomy. Initiative vs. Guilt Erikson’s third stage ranges from ages three to six years old. The crisis in the stage is initiative vs. guilt. The child begins to learn the basics of life, what goes up must come down how to tie there shoes, fluently talk and more. Their independence is growing greater the child learns more they can do. As they learn what they can do they also start to learn what they should not do, they start feeling guilt when they do things that are wrong. Here they will begin going to preschool. They are going to start wanting to try new things and set out to complete new goals and tasks they want to do. According to David Myers â€Å"preschoolers learn to initiate tasks and carry out plans, or they feel guilty about thereShow MoreRelatedErik Erikson’s Eight Stages of Development Essay1163 Words   |  5 PagesIn Erik Erikson’s theory he explains that in every stage, a positive or a negative attitude is developed within an individual. During our developing stages we are e ither successful or we fail. Each stage will come to us whether or not we’re ready for them or not. You can think of the stages as learning stages where crisis occur .Only if we have learned from the previous crisis we are successful. You cannot avoid 1 stage and move to a next stage because of the developing process. The outcome of ourRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development1359 Words   |  6 Pages Erik Erikson â€Å"There is in every child at every stage a new miracle of vigorous unfolding.† And no matter who you are and what you do, I believe that everyone will go through stages in their life. Erik Erikson was a famous psychologist in the twentieth – century, where he developed â€Å"Psychosocial stages†. Erikson’s theories centered on issues that were met on specific ages in someone’s life. Love, care, and tender is critical and many parents do not realize how much nurturing and caring for a childRead MoreErik Erikson s Eight Stages Of Psychosocial Development1428 Words   |  6 PagesErik Erikson’s eight stages of psychosocial development are very well known in the world of psychology. These eight stages deal with critical situations that we go through in life from infancy to late adulthood. â€Å"Throughout life we go through various stages during which we meet ever changing psychosocial challenges – the completion of these stages pre pares us to move on to the following stages (Erikson’s Stages Through Identity).† This makes sense because we go through life making decisions in orderRead MoreErik Erikson : Psychosocial Development1103 Words   |  5 PagesErik Erikson: Psychosocial Stages of Development â€Å"Erik Erikson was best-known for his famous theory of psychosocial development and the concept of the identity crisis. His theories marked and important shift in thinking on personality; instead of focusing simply on early childhood events, his psychosocial theory looked at how social influences contribute to personality throughout the entire lifespan† (Cherry). This paper will discuss Erikson’s childhood and the influence it had on his work. AlsoRead MoreThe Theorist I Choose For This Paper That I Believe I Relate1509 Words   |  7 Pagesmost is Erik Erikson. Erik Erikson is best known for his theory on identity, which was a theory that was broadened from Sigmund Freud while retaining its core work (Schultz, D. Schultz, S., 2013). Erik Erikson’s mother, who was Jewish, became pregnant but a man that was not her husband after her husband’s disappearance. She was sent to Germany, where she gave birth to Erik. Erik Erikson grew up believing his p ediatrician was his biological father due to his mother marrying this man. Since Erik EriksonRead MoreCompare and contrast the developmental life span theories742 Words   |  3 PagesUrie Bronfenbrenner perspective on lifespan development was the bio-ecological approach which suggest that five levels if the environment simultaneously influence indviduals. He tagged different aspects or levels of environment that influences a child’s development. Urie Bronfenbrenner five major systems are called microsystem; which is everyday immediate environment in which children lead their daily lives. Second is the mesosystem; which provides connections between the various aspects of the microsystemRead MoreErik Erikson s Psychosocial Theory Of Development1582 Words   |  7 PagesErik Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory of Development Erik Erikson, a German psychologist of the early 1900s, is most known for his theory on psychosocial development in humans. He was heavily influenced by his work with Anna Freud and her father, Sigmund Freud. However, in his research, he put emphasis on the cultural and social impact on identity development and studying the ego, which he believed developed with successful crisis resolving throughout life (â€Å"Erikson’s Stages†, 2007). He proposed theRead MoreErik Erikson s Psychosocial Theory On Child Development1388 Words   |  6 PagesErik Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory on Child Development Erik Erikson, a well known developmental theorist, developed his theory about stages of human development from birth to death by using Freud s work as a starting point. According to Erikson, personality develops in a series of stages. Erikson found out that children experience conflicts which affect their development. He described the internal conflict which children go through in developmental stages using the term ‘crisis’ and are based onRead MorePhychosocial Development Of Erick Eriksons Psychosocial Theory943 Words   |  4 PagesErikson’s Psychosocial Stage Theory Born on 15th June, 1902, Erick Homburger Erikson made a huge contribution to the human growth and development discipline by coming up with his eight psychosocial stage theory (Patel, 2016). The theory puts emphasis on sociocultural factors as development determinants that individuals must resolve to healthily adjust to their respective environments. He structured the theory into eight stages based on the age-bracket of an individual throughout their lifetime.Read MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychology760 Words   |  4 PagesErik Erikson was a well-known 20th century psychologist who made various contributions to the field of psychology. He was born on June 15, 1902 in Frankfurt, Germany. His unnamed Danish biological father abandoned Erik’s mother before he was born. Erik was raised by his mother, Karla Abrahamsen, for the first three years and she married Dr. Theodor Homberger in 1905. His mother and stepfather raised him and Erik took his stepfather’s name, Erik A brahamsen. Erik had blond hair, blue eyes, and Nordic

Shareholder Wealth Maximisation Free Essays

SHAREHOLDER WEALTH MAXIMISATION: SUMMARY ‘Business Finance’ assumes that the objective of a company is to maximise shareholder wealth. This means that companies should attempt to maximise the value of the shareholders’ investment in the company. This is achieved by maximising ‘Total Shareholder Returns’: dividends and share price appreciation. We will write a custom essay sample on Shareholder Wealth Maximisation or any similar topic only for you Order Now The most powerful basis for understanding and measuring shareholder wealth is the ‘economic valuation model’, under which the value of the shareholders’ investment is measured as the present value of future cash flows that are attributable to the shareholders. This approach involves converting future cash flows into their equivalent value in today’s terms, by adjusting for the effect of the ‘time value of money’. The ‘time value of money’ concept refers to the reality that ? 100 today is worth more than ? 100 in a year’s time. This is for three reasons: †¢ Inflation: which reduces the purchasing power of money over time †¢ Consumption preference: we prefer to spend money now rather than wait to spend in the future †¢ Risk: this refers to the variability of future returns from an investment. This time value of money effect means that shareholders require a rate of return from their investment in a company which is sufficient compensation for the time value of money effect that they suffer. This rate of return is known as the ‘cost of capital’. For a company to create wealth for shareholders, it must generate a rate of return which exceeds the ‘cost of capital’. Arguments in favour of ‘shareholder wealth maximisation’ being the assumed objective of the company: †¢ Shareholders are the legal owners of the company †¢ Shareholders bear the risk †¢ Assuming competitive markets, maximising wealth of shareholders should ensure the interests of customers and employees are also met †¢ Decision-making is simplified Arguments against shareholder wealth maximisation: Some argue it will lead to the interests of other stakeholders such as customers and employees being neglected (eg through selling poor quality, over-priced products and providing poor conditions and rates of pay to employees). However, in competitive markets, arguably the only way that companies will create wealth for shareholders is by selling products/services customers want to buy, and therefore customers’ interests cannot be ignored. Also, the way to ensure customers’ interests are met is arguably by ensuring staff are well motivated and properly trained. Furthermore, employees prospects of having a secure and well paid job are improved by working for a company that is financially successful. †¢ Some argue that it will lead to ‘short-termism’ (decisions that improve short-term profits at the expense of long-term value, such as reducing research and development and marketing investments). However, the concept of economic value means maximising shareholder wealth should mean that long-term and short-term performance is captured. How to cite Shareholder Wealth Maximisation, Essay examples

Cyber Friends vs. Real Life Friends free essay sample

Angelica Anne A. Vermug IV- St. Rita27 Almost all of us know that there’s a big difference between cyber friends and real life friends. Many people think that these two both have the same level of friendship. Unlike those people, I think that having real friends that you personally see and talk with is priceless and irreplaceable. There’s is nothing more beautiful than great relationships with your friends whom you personally share stories with. Well, I’m not saying that having cyber friends is bad or unacceptable.I’m just saying that real life friends are better and more reliable than those whom we just added as ‘friends’ in the internet. Although cyber friends can also be great friends, there is still something that makes real friends more worth spending your time with. There’s a special connection between ourselves and our friends who we personally interact with. I too have cyber friends who I just met through social networking sites. We will write a custom essay sample on Cyber Friends vs. Real Life Friends or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I can really compare my relationship between these people to my friends who I see almost every day.My cyber friends are the ones who know information about me, like where I study, when is my birthday, or how old I am; and it’s just because a social networking site said so. What if I just wanted to say that I study at this university, even if I don’t? Would that be a shame if these so called â€Å"friends† in the internet actually thought that this is the real you the whole time, simply because they do not really know you that much. The friends that you really see almost every day are the ones who know your birthday, address, school, likes and dislikes not because they are said about these information, but because they really know you? he real you. They know your mood swings, your face when you’re angry, what you hate about your life, or how hard it is to deal with your insecurities. Not only the basic ‘autograph book’ information that they know, but also the facts that you do not really trust to some stranger with. These facts about you that you’re ashamed to share to the whole world as well as to someone you just met in the internet. Of course you do not want to have a bad impression from them; they might not like your photos! There’s always a boundary where you set the limit of the things you say to your cyber friends in your chats.To cut this short, I would rather hang out with my close friends from the neighbourhood or school than just staying home and spend hours and hours just because I’m chatting with someone. It’s not even that worth it. The time that I spend seeing my friends smile and hearing them talking with me with real conversations and response that they didn’t had the minute to think about is a lot more better than sitting at home and just staring on your laptop. I do not want the time to come that I might regret wasting that much time for someone I just met in the internet.

Memories of home free essay sample

Driving up to the house, my house, the tires screech to stop as the carts tires also most to the rhythmic symmetry that I have come accustomed to my whole life. As the car comes to a full and complete stop everyone clicks off their seat belts and the big van door slides open and everyone moves like a well-oiled machine to exit the car. Someone locked thee front door so one of the kids runs through the side of the house to open the door.Like little white mice all the children move and to their separate ways throughout the house to occupy their short attention span and in no time at all everyone is either watching television or on a computer or screaming and yelling at each other. The time with my family is so special but I appreciate when they are gone from the house so I can have it to myself. We will write a custom essay sample on Memories of home or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I love making miniature campfires in the backyard which is the largest in the neighborhood. The wind blows throughout the trees and the smoke gently sifts vertically up toward the canopy.These are some of my favorite times I remember Just sitting on my bed, Innocent and wondering about nothing I would hear the rain fall from the sky and the cars moving through the rain where the ires would sift the water to either side of them. What an awesome feeling the rain can make. It is not a bad feeling. Its not a depressing feeling. It is a feeling of youth. And not caring about anything other than where the rain is coming from. Just sitting on my cold bed I have a weird feeling of warmth.As I have the comfort of the fireplace downstairs warming the house In such a natural way. As If It does not matter how wet you get or how low one can go the fire In Its secure position makes me feel secure. And when I get wet from the water from the sky, the fire will dry away he cold In my bones. The sound of rain Is one that Is hard to explain. Its Like the soft clapping of hands in a certain rhythm come together and feel so natural. I miss the sound of rain, and simply rain Itself, It feels Like I have not seen or been In rain for years.I honestly cannot remember the last time I was In It. The rain at my grandparent house In the country was truly amazing, It Is some of my favorite times. I love the sound of the rain of the tin roof that then forces the flow of the water down the hill. I love most Is the smell of the Inside of that place. There Is a feeling you get when you are nice and warm Insole the house and for a moment you walk outside onto the porch and you are not getting wet. You can almost feel the water plashing upon you and you love It.Again the fire Inside Is the stropping, without the fire there Is nothing to be admired. If you get wet you will stay wet unless you change you clothes, what an amazing feeling to have such a fire to huddle around as a family and talk and watch a moving then go to sleep as the rain continues to pour. To be In that place. Pure serenity. Total abandonment. Memories of home By thruways times I remember Just sitting on my bed, innocent and wondering about nothing I fireplace downstairs warming the house in such a natural way. As if it does not matter how wet you get or how low one can go the fire in its secure position makes the cold in my bones. The sound of rain is one that is hard to explain. Its like the soft clapping of hands in a certain rhythm come together and feel so natural. I miss the sound of rain, and simply rain itself, it feels like I have not seen or been in rain for years. I honestly cannot remember the last time I was in it. The rain at my grandparent house in the country was truly amazing, it is some of my favorite times. He hill. I love most is the smell of the inside of that place. There is a feeling you get when you are nice and warm inside the house and for a moment you walk outside upon you and you love it. Again the fire inside is the stropping, without the fire there is nothing to be admired. If you get wet you will stay wet unless you change you talk and watch a moving then go to sleep as the rain continues to pour.

M.C. Escher essays

M.C. Escher essays A curious tiling of black and white triangles with curved sides, enclosed within a circle, each triangle alternately colored progressively getting smaller as they approached the circles perimeter. This is the image that inspired M.C. Escher to create four pieces of art called the Circle Limit Series. Even the best artists get there inspiration from somewhere. M.C. Escher got his inspiration from H.S.M.Coxeter, who was a famous mathematician at the University of Toledo. Many of Eschers pieces of work stems off from basic principles of curved geometry. The idea of curved geometry is explained well through this example; If you draw any triangle on sheet of paper and add up the three angles, the result is always 180 degrees. This however is not true on a curved surface, here the angles always add up to less than 180 degrees. This is called a hyperbolic pattern. His other works included many different pieces of work. Most of these resembled infinity because Escher was drawn to it since he was very young. An example of this is the Waterfall. Its a drawing showing a waterfall that never ends yet it goes in a circle, it doesnt get pushed back up to the top, however, it falls there. In more recent days mathematicians, computer scientists, and others have a variety of speedy computer-based methods for automatically printing the hyperbolic patters that Escher was able to draw himself. The Dutch artist M.C. Escher was a very talented Dutch artist whos work would only be attempted by computer these days. Our society has a tendency to rely on them a lot even when they are not needed. Most people will pick up a calculator to solve -25*-4 although the solution is an easy one (100). Escher was a talented artists whos work is still admired today. ...

Allogeneic MCSs to make Cartilage for Knee Function

Allogeneic MCSs to make Cartilage for Knee Function    INTRODUCTION: – 1.1 What is Osteoarthritis? Articular cartilage is a highly resilient hyaline tissue composed of chondrocytes and surrounded by extracellular matrix present in a joint which act as shock absorber, protects the bones from the friction and wear and helps in smooth movement of the joint (Bhumiratana et al. 2014). Osteoarthritis is a disease of joint where lack of cartilage causes musculoskeletal pain and restriction of the movement or disability of the joint for the patient. (Ahmed and Hincke, 2010) (Duthey, 2015). Reasons for cartilage damage are: – The impact / blow caused during sport activities or accident Wear and tear because of overuse of a joint (Observed in elderly people) Lack of movement (Medical News Today, 2017) Figure No.1. Osteoarthritis Affected Region Image Source: – www.osteoosteoOsteoarthritisresearchuk.org Osteoarthritis can affect any joint present in the body. As the knee-joint Osteoarthritis is the most commo n type of Osteoarthritis, in this report, we will discuss about knee-joint Osteoarthritis only. Tibiofemoral and patellofemoral are the two articular surfaces that the knee consists of. As it can be seen in the below image, the damaged cartilage, reduces the gap between joint and friction is generated between the bones which ultimately results in bone erosion and causes muscle pain or inflammation or restriction to the movement. Figure No.2. Osteoarthritis affected Knee Image Source: – http://www.bupa.co.uk/health-information/directory/o/Osteoarthritis Osteoarthritis is estimated to affect 250 million people worldwide. Osteoarthritis sufferers include men and women, children and adults. And according to World Health Organization, 30% of men and women over the age of 65 have Osteoarthritis (Woolf and Pfleger, 2003). Worldwide, 9.6% of men and 18.0% of women over the age of 60 years have symptomatic Osteoarthritis. Approximately 80% of those with Osteoarthritis will have limit ations in movement, and 25% cannot perform their major activities of daily life (Duthey, 2015). Figure No.3. Prevalence of Osteoarthritis of Knee Image Source: – Burden of major musculoskeletal conditions, Bulletin of the WHO 2003 1.2 Treatments available for Osteoarthritis: – There are various ways to cure Osteoarthritis when it is at the initial level, such as: – Exercise and weight loss Bracing Medication Viscosupplementation Nutritional supplements (Duthey, 2015). But when it becomes incurable by exercise and medication, surgical operations must be performed. Surgical procedures include: – Debridement i.e. Smoothening of the cartilage using surgical instruments Marrow Stimulation, a treatment which helps in regrowth of cartilage in the joint (but this process is less reliable) (Treatment Options for Osteoarthritis in the Knee, 2017). Mosaicplasty, a process where the cartilage from some other joint of body is used. But this process h as size limitations (Medical News Today, 2017). Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation, a treatment in which a small part of no-load bearing cartilage is removed from the joint of the patient by Arthroscopy, regrown and multiplied in the laboratory and then implanted back in the body by a procedure called arthrotomy. (Cartilage Repair, 2017) (Ahmed and Hincke, 2010) (Duthey, 2015). Even though the Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation seems effective and easy, it has many disadvantages such as: – The patient’s cartilage sample must be removed by a medical procedure, marked/tagged and treated separately just like blood sample. This treatment requires big Logistics and Supply Chain. It requires a lot of time (approximately 6 weeks) for cells to multiply. Hence, till then the patient will suffer from pain (Peretti et al. 2000). 1.3 Proposed Treatment for Osteoarthritis: –

Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 95

Discussion - Essay Example polyandry, children born are said to descendants of the eldest brother alone while in non-fraternal polyandry fatherhood is determined through a ceremony. In other cases, the children are said to have descended from all the husbands. I find this type of marriage unusual and unethical. This form of marriage does not have ways through which the fatherhood of the children can be determined. I find it hard that men can share a common wife without constantly fighting. It is practiced by the Tibetan, Marquesan, Toda and Sherpa societies. This form of marriage is believed to create family unity which is important if the family is seeking or wants to maintain its social economic status since all property and land is owned by the family as a whole. The brothers are believed to live harmoniously if they share a common wife. In a woman’s point of view, there is a sense of security due to the fact that all the husbands will struggle to fend for the

Student Learning Methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Student Learning Methods - Essay Example Learner-centered learning environments are founded on the principal that learning is an active process. Learning is an interaction between the student and text, involving the activation of prior knowledge and relating new ideas to preexisting schemata. Based on this paradigm learner-centered environments engage the student both personally and intellectually and provide the best method for meeting the needs of all learners. In teacher-centered learning environments, the more traditional and widespread approach, the teacher is viewed as the focal point and leader of learning. The teacher is the authority, leaving the students in the passive role as receivers of knowledge, rather than active constructors of that knowledge. That knowledge is finite and discrete. In teacher-centered learning the lessons are instructionally driven, leaving the students unengaged intellectually and emotionally. These traditional methods include memorization, completing worksheets, reading a text and answering predetermined questions - demonstrating knowledge of the "right" answer. In this form of learning there is limited activation of prior knowledge, and therefore students struggle to create personally significant meaning. This is because in teacher-centered learning the background, values and interests of the learner are nonexistent. The student is passively filled in with information, rather than engaged in his own learning process. Learning environments are controlled, organized and with an emphasis on independent seatwork. Lessons, classwork and homework are results-driven. This unresponsive and static approach also fails to meet the needs of special needs populations, because lesson goals and objectives are standardized, meaning students must adapt to t he methods oftentimes with some students unable to engage the teacher's attention to meet their needs. Assessment One of the most significant challenges in teacher-centered learning is in assessment. Using traditional methods such as standardized tests rather than qualitative measures, teacher-centered learning places the emphasis on performance and repetition of facts. It leaves little room for students to construct their own meaning based on their own experiences, cultural background, values and interests. This causes a mismatch between goals and assessment. For this reason, many times students can appear to understand material in one format, yet in another appear unsuccessful during assessments because of the focus on success rather than on learning. Characteristics of Learner-Centered Environments Theoretical Basis In learner-centered environments the student becomes the actor in his own learning, and therefore the teacher becomes the facilitator to that learning by designing learning activities which actively engage the learner. This is based on the theory that all know- ledge is organized in schemata - the underlying connections that allow new experiences and information to be aligned with previous knowledge (Landry, 2002). Activities: Engaging and Adaptive As the designer of lessons rather than an authority, and with the understanding that Students exhibit various strengths and weaknesses in learning styles and modalities, the teacher's role is to create activities which are varied and engage these differences, rather than repress

Environmental Health Essay Example for Free

Environmental Health Essay What is Environmental Health? Environmental health is the branch of public health that is concerned with all aspects of the natural and built environment that may affect human health. It also refers to the theory and practice of assessing and controlling factors in the environment that can potentially affect health. Environmental Health is the field of science that studies how the environment influences human health and disease. â€Å"Environment,† in this context, means things in the natural environment like air, water and soil, and also all the physical, chemical, biological and social features of our surroundings. The man-made, or â€Å"built,† environment includes physical structures where people live and work such as homes, offices, schools, farms and factories, as well as community systems such as roads and transportation systems, land use practices and waste management. Consequences of human alteration to the natural environment, such as air pollution, are also parts of the man-made environment. The social environment encompasses lifestyle factors like diet and exercise, socioeconomic status, and other societal influences that may affect health. The Media of Environmental Hazards Air, water and food are the major environmental media or vectors through which exposure to hazardous environmental agents occur. Environmental hazards †¢ The major environmental hazards and their relative importance in various environmental settings. †¢ Chemical agents: pesticides, VOC’S, and PCB’S †¢ Physical agents: ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, vibration, temperature, and noise. †¢ Biological agents: infectious and allergic disorders Interaction between hazardous exposures and humans †¢ Four characteristics critical to exposure assessment: †¢ Route ( Inhalation, Ingestion, Dermal) †¢ Magnitude (Concentration or Dose) †¢ Duration ( Minutes, Hours, Days, Lifetime) †¢ Frequency (Daily, Weekly, Monthly, Seasonally) All of the environmental media are possible exposure routes, and should be considered in a risk assessment. †¢ Humans have access to environmental toxicants by contaminated food, drinking contaminated water, and breathing contaminated air

Wired to Another World :: Technology Computers Internet Papers

Wired to Another World So a duck walks into a convenient store and says, â€Å"Hey you got any gwapes?† Annoyed the clerk responds â€Å"No we don’t have any grapes.† The next day the duck comes back into the store and asks the clerk, â€Å"Hey you got any gwapes?† The clerk replies, â€Å" Didn’t I tell you yesterday we don’t have no grapes! You come back in here asking for grapes and I’ll staple you beak shut, got it?† So the next day the duck walks into the convenient store and says. â€Å" Hey you got any staples?† The clerk replies, â€Å"No, no staples†. So the duck asks, â€Å"Well than you got any gwapes?† (â€Å"All Work and No Play Makes Eddy Go Crazy 2/15/03). I heard this joke from Wahoo, a person I met on an online community for the television show Friends. I had requested that anyone with any jokes leave them in my thread because I needed a good laugh to relieve my stress from school. I was requested to join a online â€Å"community† by my writing professor and then decide if it truly was a community. Webster’s dictionary defines community as â€Å" a unified body of individuals†¦an interacting population of various kinds of individuals† (233). Although many people dismiss online communities as silly and a waste of time, they actually provide many average people with a place to socialize at the end of the day or retreat to on a work-break when everyone else they know is busy. I chose the Friends online forum because I enjoy the show and watch it every week. I figured that it would be easy for me to connect with people and start conversations. Unfortunately, I was mistaken. When I visited the site I noticed that the majority of the topics had little or nothing to do with Friends. Simply put, it was people talking about cars, movies, love lives, and any other subject on someone’s mind. I found this interesting since this was a forum dedicated to a television show. But it did remind me of how people would act if they attended an automobile convention, for example. Although automobiles are the main topic, people would diverge and speak of other issues. Of course there where topics pertaining to the show, however most of the conversation where so precise that often times I couldn’t remember the exact episode they were speaking of.

Effects of Global Warming on Coral Reefs Essay

The global warming is perhaps one of the very serious environmental problems that the world is facing right now. As many studies made by experts have illustrated, the problem of global warming affects every aspect of human and Earth life. It is not only the humans that are directly affected by the global warming. Other aspects of the ecology and natural ecosystem suffer as well because of the occurrence of global warming. The coral reefs, an important part of the ecosystem because of its role in sustaining several animal life particularly those of fishes which depend on coral reefs for their protection, reproduction and sustenance, is under attack by the effects of global warming. This paper is focused on writing about the effects of global warming on the coral reefs so that the extent of the damage that global warming caused to the coral reefs, as well as to other life forms and other aspects of the ecosystem, can be ascertained. Effects of Global Warming on Coral Reefs There are many different ways in which the global warming problem of the planet can affect the coral reefs found in sea and ocean beds in different parts of the planet. One of the effects of global warming to the coral reefs found in the seas and oceans around the world is coral bleaching. The rate of bleaching of the coral reefs continue to increase – as the Earth’s temperature continue to rise, the coral reefs reaction to it is primarily bleaching (Fujita 75). There were already cases of documented mass coral reef bleaching in the past, but experts believe that the entry of the global warming problem would cause the extension and continuation of the bleaching of the coral reefs because this is how the coral reefs react to the warming temperature in the planet. â€Å"Global warming would then continue to increase sea temperatures and induce mass coral bleaching (Fujita 75). † Warning from Concerned Groups Because of the available technology that mankind can use, combined with the level of science and technology being used and practiced by many scientists today, it was not impossible that the ill effects of the global warming that was present and illustrative in the changes happening to the coral reefs was something that was already predicted by some scientists. It is something that environmental groups were also talking about even before global warming made its presence truly felt, before the first signs of serious damage to coral reefs was seen and documented. Rodney Fujita, who authored books about the environment particularly of the ocean, talked about how he and some other scientists forewarned the government and the people about the impact of global warming to the coral reefs during the time when the government had enough time and opportunity to make the impact of global warming less devastating as it is today. â€Å"Tom Goreau, Jr. , a scrappy and (as it turns out) prescient coral reel ecologist, and I were among the first to warn that coral bleaching was likely to increase if global warming was allowed to proceed. Environmental Defense, Greenpeace and other environmental groups soon joined the chorus of cautionary voices (Fujita 75). † Looking at the situation now, the assessment can be either the government did nothing or what they did was insufficient. Looking at the situation now, there is no doubt that there are many proofs that will testify to the damaging effects of global warming to the coral reefs in the ocean. The sad part of the problem is that during the time when the bleaching effect was just a theory from a group of scientists, no one took it seriously. â€Å"Our theory that global warming would result in more extensive coral bleaching was met with disdain by many in the coral reef scientific community (Fujita 75). † Today, with the increased problem in bleaching in the coral reefs and the growing problem of global warming, the planet is edging closer and closer to the edge of the dangerous precipice that can ultimately force the state of environment health and stability to plummet towards total disaster. Other Effects to the Coral Reefs by Global Warming Other scientists and experts believe that aside from the bleaching of coral reefs, there are also other ways in which global warming can impact on the coral reefs, and the prospects are no better than the bleaching effects. Some experts believe that there are global warming effects to which the coral reefs are direct or indirect targets (Oliver 306). Take for example, the characteristic of global warming that influences the drastic change in weather patterns. Because of global warming, typhoons, hurricanes and cyclones can be stronger and more common than the usual. When this happens, coral reefs are affected because these natural catastrophes also destroy coral reefs. â€Å"Global warming also leads to other changes in the climate system that can affect reefs. Cyclones (hurricanes, typhoons) can destroy coral reefs (Oliver 306). † Another impact of global warming is the rise of sea level. This can have potentially dangerous effects on coral reefs. There are coral reefs situated near shores. When the sea level rises, the water can drag inside the sea/ocean minerals and other chemical found on land that can be dangerous to the coral reefs especially those situated near the shore where the source would come from. â€Å"The relatively small rise could affect reefs near land if flooding of the coastal zone releases nutrients and sediments that degrade water quality (Oliver 306). † The coral reefs are also in danger of being exposed to high rate of sedimentation. Because global warming brings about heavy rains, the rain would take earth and other particles from deforested areas and lead it towards seas and the resulting sedimentation is believed to result to something which is not in the best interest of the nearby coral reefs. â€Å"Increased precipitation on land can lead to greater sedimentation on many reefs, particularly those near deforested areas (Oliver 306). † The acidity of the ocean because of global warming also has an effect on coral reefs, its calcium content which in the long run can make the coral reefs weaker and more fragile than usual. What is important to stress here is that the effect of global warming on coral reefs can also impact humans. â€Å"It is likely, however, to result in changes to reefs which will adversely affect local communities dependent on reefs for their livelihood (Dipper 421). † Because of this, it is important to put importance on the coral reefs and how to save it from the effects of global warming. Works Cited Dipper, Frances. Elements of Marine Ecology. Elsevier Science and Technology Books, 1998. Fujita, Rodney. Heal the Ocean: Solutions for Saving Our Seas. New Society Publishers, 2003. Oliver, John E. The Encyclopedia of World Climatology. Springer-Verlag New York, LLC, 2005.

Comparison and Contrast Essay of Two video games

Now a days technology become too much advance. Some of the greatest improvements in new technology have been the creation of computer games. In the present century lots of children’s play computer games. For children’s games have become a luxury more than a need. This demand is increasing for develop new and advance games. Similar there is a Rockstar Industries, they develop video games likewise Grand Theft Auto 3 and Grand Theft Auto: Vice City. These game two games are most famous.First of all Grand Theft Auto 3 release on October, 2001 developed by DMA Design in United Kingdom and publish by Rockstar Games. This game is a first 3D game in the series of Grand Theft Auto. First it was release for PlayStations later on PC Xbox. Moreover GTA 3 also develops for Apple App store and Android devices. On other hand Grand Theft Auto vice city release on October 29, 2002 developed and as well as publish by Rockstar Games in United Kingdom. GTA Vice city is second 3D game in th e series of Grand Theft Auto.It also releases for Playstation later on PC Xbox. But now it also realease for Apple App store and Android devices. Moreover, Grand Theft Auto 3 game graphic not much as compare as Grand Theft Auto vice city it is too dark. GTA3 player can’t spend his money on purchasing properties and make money from them. And it has better missions and vehicles but in smaller numbers, such as cars, trucks, train, some boat are not used much. GTA vice city have too much colorful graphic and players enjoy too much, once they played vice city they unlike GTA 3.In Grand Theft Auto Vice City player can spend his money on purchasing properties and make money from them. And more missions and vehicles, such as new shaped cars, bikes, helicopter, planes, and more useful boat. Furthermore, GTA3 System Requirements for players are should have Pentium 3 or 4, and need 450 MHz plus 128MB RAM. And 16 MB direct 3D Video Card, Sound Card, 8X CD-ROM and 500MB free hard disk spa ce should need.GTA Vice City System Requirements for players are should have 800 MHz Intel Pentium 3 or 4, and want 1.2GHz plus 128 MB of RAM, 8 speed CD / DVD drive, plus 32 MB direct 3D Video Card, Sound Card as well as 915 MB of free hard disk space. Mostly people say that GTA Vice City the better than GTA 3. Because in gta vice city has more missions and it also have good graphic more vehicles etc. GTA Vice City is more interesting game than GTA . 3 Today generation like these games very much, it look like real live game. And it have look of thing to do. For Instance, you can do racing, fighting shoot driving swimming and lot of things.

buy custom Alcohol Drinking among College Students essay

buy custom Alcohol Drinking among College Students essay It is very evident that it is very hard for a college student to resist an offer such as another glass of beer? or here, have another beer on my bill. Due to this, college drinking habits have drawn concerns by public health on the consequences of engaging in heavy alcohol drinking by college students. It is clear that colleges students involve in drinking habits displays certain patterns which are attributed by factors such as peer pressure, access to large amount of alcohol and wrong decisions undertaken by this students. reports from the national survey indicates that from the year 1999-2005, college student who drank five or more drinks between the age of 18 and 24 increased from forty one percent to forty five percent calling for an alarm (Ham Hope, 720). This paper will greatly review on the reasons why college students involve themselves in excess drinking, in what ways are organizations within colleges intend to reform and improve school drinking behaviors and what are the consequences of consuming alcohol in excess. It was in the year 2002 when the national institute on alcohol abuse and alcoholism called for quick action toward the increased drinking among college drinking in the United States. Not only is excess consumption of alcohol affecting the individual but also other people who are round them. It is increasing been noted that most students engages in excessive drinking so as to signify their adulthood, to cope with stress and to enhance collective gatherings. With such an alarming rate in amount of alcohol being consumed by today college students as compared to the past, it is very important that we try to find out what are the main reasons that force these students to engage in excess alcohol consumption. Before trying to discuss the various reasons as to why college students engage in excessive rinking it is important that we first try to define and understand what excessive drinking is (Warner, 56). Excessive drinking is defined as high rates of consuming alcohol which are mainly associated to negative consequences towards an individual consuming it and the people close to him. There are several factors which are known to cause the high rate of drinking among college students. Some of these factors include; Peer pressure. Morean et al (230) observe that it is very important that we define what peer pressure is, the term peer pressure can be defined as how a teenager or an adolescents behaves in the influence or in the presence of her or his adolescents friends. In this case of excessive alcohol consumption, this term has been divided into two that is; active and passive peer pressure. In active peer pressure, a college student may receive an explicit offer to drink more alcohol or just receive spoken criticism for refusing to indulge in alcohol consumption. When in the presence of such friends, a college student may be forced to drink more alcohol so as to avoid such criticism. Other than criticism, one can be subjected to direct pressure such that they are made to participate in drinking games or ordering of many rounds of beer or wine while in the bars and discos. Since different college students dont want to shy away from the various explicit offer there indulge in these drinking spr ees without realizing the consequences involved. Unlike active peer pressure, passive pressure does not involve an adolescent being issued with an explicit offer but rather it largely depend on the teens desire to fit in and adopting the morals and practices being carried out by his fellow teens. The phrase everyone is doing it, why not me can be used to effectively describe what passive pressure refers to. Passive pressure can be divided to social modeling in tthe consumption of alcohol and perceptions that emerges from these excessive drinking. Research indicates that peer pressure affects male students as compared to their female counterparts , it also go ahead in indicating that it is considered to poses a 78.2% in the reasons as to why teenagers engages in excessive alcohol consumption (Warner, 60). Parties in both the campus and residential home. Ham Hope (750) point out that it is very evident that the culture of most college students revolves around holding parties and having fun. Colleges students often hold parties in the absence of their parents, this largely contribute to their great involvement in excessive drinking whereby they tend to consume what they see their parents consuming. For the most students who live off campus they tend to hold house parties where friends are able to gain access to alcohol as compared to the rate they would have gain access in bars and restaurants. Other than home parties, many campuses have on-campus pubs and restaurant where parties are held. In these restaurants people came together and forms groups called fraternity. These groups are associated with excessive consumption of alcohol within the campus. Due to the fame associated to these groups, more youth tend to join them for recognition where later they engage in excessive drinking. Expectancies. It is very important that adolescents and teenage are very curious and they tend to think that they are already mature. Due to the fact that most of parents have a tendency of drinking in the presence of their children, this teenagers expects that excessive alcohol consumption causes pleasurable moments in life. It is due to this are college students engaging in excessive drinking so as to obtain pleasurable moments away from their usual books and constant reading (CASE, 1). Buy custom Alcohol Drinking among College Students essay

Employment in IT sphere Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Employment in IT sphere - Essay Example As the Internet is a constantly evolving entity, consumers will be impacted as well as there would be a perceived drop off in technological innovation for Firefox as they strive to replace a figurehead that had poured so much into the company. The issue would become at which point the line is divided between one’s own professional and public life. In the case of Mozilla, they lost a capable and qualified executive the effectively helped transform the company into what it is today. Were this behavior to continue for similar and like minded companies, such professionals would begin to think twice before speaking out on issues of importance to them, which in the end cannot be good for society as a whole.In most localities of the United States, employment is considered to be ‘at-will’, meaning that an employer is free to terminate the services of any employee at any time and for any reason, except for those specifically prohibited by law. Employers are free to termina te employment, as just stated, without the risk of incurring any legal liability for doing so. Similarly, the employment at-will doctrine means that an employee is free to leave their job at any time, for any reason, should they choose to do so. In addition, the at-will doctrine goes a step further and allows an employer to change the terms of an existing employment relationship at any time, without any overt consequences being levied against the employer.

There is no set topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

There is no set topic - Essay Example He plays with the visual elements of his beloved’s imagination, describing how he would oblige his duties at his leisure, without a care for the time that passes. He expresses his endless love for his muse by explaining the incapability of loving her the way he desires to with such a short mortal life. He wishes upon both of them health and youth eternal, so that they can truly enjoy each other’s love. The poet clear use of the word ‘mistress’ seems an acknowledgement that this relationship is indeed a secret and doomed in the long run. This reminds one of the great 19th century German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer when he said most eloquently, â€Å"To desire immortality is to desire the eternal perpetuation of a great mistake† (Malhotra, pp. 102). However, love does not often take logic or reasoning into account when it is born in the hearts of lover, in fact, in some cases, it is quite the other way around. The relationship between love and immortality seems almost inspired from Emily Dickinson’s words â€Å"For Love Is Immortality,† (Dickinson and Franklin, pp. 403). Marvell’s graphic description of death creates quite a stark contrast to his earlier visualization of immortality. He seems to scare almost his mistress with the gloominess and darkness of death and the grave, her beauty and youth being only temporary gifts of life, as if in anticipation of her mistress’s anxious and hurried consent to his proposal. He then strives to coax his beloved to release all her doubts and inhibitions, so that both of them can truly enjoy each other’s presence, and let their lust and desire fill their lives instead of the fear of a gloomy demise. Man’s unquenchable desire for immortality and his unrelenting fear of death has indeed influenced his mind and life in the most remarkable ways. From his earliest tales and myths inspired from objects, such as the fountain of everlasting

The assignment should be presented as a Journal opinion article and Essay - 2

The assignment should be presented as a Journal opinion article and address an economic issue of current interest to Wall Street Journal readers - Essay Example This is according to the National Association of Realtors monthly survey on real- estate agents. On the other hand, foreclosing has incorporated selling out at a discount rate to traditional homes. This is because of lenders’ motivation to cut the price and in order to sell fast. In addition, the maintenance of these homes is not up to standard. As a result, a foreclosed property sale can bring down the ‘comps’ involved in appraising the value of other homes being sold in the neighborhood. A survey carried out indicates that, sales from previously owned homes have gone down during the last eight months. The sales were down 7.5% a year earlier, resulting to five consecutive months where sales have dropped below the year earlier level (Timiraos, 2014). Moreover, some of the decline in the existing home sales is because of shrinking supply of distressed homes. To the home sellers and builders, this is good news, unlike for the investors or real estate agents whose living was depended on recycling these properties onto the market. Although the home prices no longer depreciate, traditional sellers have been reluctant in listing their homes for sale. In addition, the building of new homes is still low. The impact of this is that, the homes in the market are not many. The effect of this is that, prices are very high due to the high demand but the homes are less in supply. To the homeowners, this is a great deal but unwelcoming to anyone in search for a house and currently does not possess one. Therefore, even as home sales have decreased, monthly supply of homes is way below the highs of housing bust because there are few homes available to make a choice. The slowing effect of housing market is therefore due to a few homes available for sale, leading to high prices. These gains are the cause of homes being less affordable, particularly after mortgage rates heightened recently.

Global Enterprise and Innovation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Global Enterprise and Innovation - Essay Example The world has witnessed major changes in the global marketplace since the 1980s (Chai 1998). Liberalisation of capital markets and world trade encouraged by globalisation has produced a new competitive field for all businesses. With the development towards more interdependence among countries, a number of adjustments in the business setting have appeared. There has been an appearance of international markets for financial investment, labour, products, and services. The demands of consumers all over the world have met. Growing liberalisation of trade and investment promoted by developments in communication and transportation technologies has led to even more global business transactions. These developments have resulted in two major impacts of globalisation, namely, (1) global market opportunities, and (2) global market threats. It is clear that the process of globalisation not just provides more opportunities to business organisations, but greater degree of threats as well. Although opportunities can be created by globalisation, instability and competition are unavoidable. Even though largely cited in earlier literature, studies connecting these influences to business performance remain limited. This requires more research on the relationships between globalisation and firm performance. These two areas will be discussed in relation to international business activities in China. The Impact of Legal and Political Environment of China on Business Activities Because economic change started in 1978, the Chinese government has intentionally initiated commercial and legal reforms in order to exploit the economic interest of China, both locally and internationally (Guthrie 2008). Loosening of regulations on foreign direct investment (FDI), changing State ownership and economic liberalisation in general are just practical instruments. The government views the free market as a way to achieve its goals, not as an ideological tool (Wei & Xiaming 2001). The policies will tr ansform whenever it is believed that it is important to do so. The Chinese government is acting in harmony with Confucianism; laissez-faire capitalism is applied to create wealth (Wei & Xiaming 2001), but it is the state’s duty to make sure that the produced wealth is spent for the most needed goals. New policies on FDI are proclaimed almost every year and smaller regulatory reforms more frequently than that. The 1990s also witnessed the start of a development towards power devolution to local and regional governments (Xiaojuan 2003). Hence, one of the most important rules of dealing with the Chinese government is to acknowledge that various departments at various levels could have the right to meddle with business activities. And, they could each be operating towards completely distinct objectives. The Chinese government has major powers. It can turn down future projects, and it can remove permits from current ones. In 1996, on a single day, the Tianjin government remove per mits for numerous joint ventures, because of conflicts between partners and/or problem with productivity (Ambler & Witzel 2003). Government also has major influence. As different from power, this implies that the Chinese gover

Procurement Strategy For Jh Private Hospital Construction Essay

Procurement Strategy For Jh Private Hospital Construction Essay In regards to this Im glad to inform you that I will be going though with report of procurement strategies. I will also analyse each strategy and show a list of advantages and disadvantages of each type with recommendations and in summary come with the most suitable method to satisfy requirements vis-ÃÆ'Â  -vis the key client requirements. I will try to make the report recommendations as clear to understand as possible and reasons for disregarding alternative methods again regarding the clients brief. Thank you very much for contacting me i currently have no issues for further clarification The traditional method has been used in the construction industry for many years. It one of the most used methods of procurement and has two main features. Firstly each stage is separate with no overlap between the design and construction phases. Secondly all of the drawings, schedules and quantities must be given by the client before contractor can start tendering process for carrying out any work (jctltd.co.uk/traditional-procurement). Pros One advantage of the traditional procurement method is that the cost of the project is usually known before the construction is started therefore reducing any finance issues. A contractual commitment on price gives the client more pieces of mind and greater security when applying for finance. Pricing is competitive for contractors. As the design is finished before the build this generally means the design is well documented and therefore has better clarity for the construction stage. Low risk in project allocation. (Procurement_SingleStageTendering_Nov08) Cons With the traditional procurement method design and construction are separate processes this means that the time on the particular project will be vastly greater than that of other jobs. Another disadvantage with using the traditional procurement method is that as the design and construction are done at separate stages which means that any issues that arise in the construction stage can be very difficult and costly to fix. If financial issues do arise the contract does have can adjust the costs. Traditional Method with Two Stage Tendering The traditional procurement method with two stage tendering, is a slightly different process to single stage tendering. A Contractor is appointed on the basis of a first stage tender which determines the level of overhead and profit for each Contractor (designguidance.skillsfundingagency.bis.gov.uk). The Contractor works with the Project Team in the second stage and then develops the designs to determine costs for the work. This gets a fixed price for the designs. Pros Early appointment of the main contractor and a quicker start on site. Securing the involvement of a contractor on a competitive basis More client involvement in the appointment of subcontractors. Motivating the design and construction teams to reduce cost and increase value (all 4 above from www.building.co.uk). Cons This method requires a second stage period in which to design and tender the different work which lengthens time before construction can start on site. Increases the risks of an increase in price and a less clarification on completion date (Procuement.PDF). Design and Build The design and build process is again a very commonly used method of procurement. The Client appoints a building contractor. As with traditional methods, cost for the project is agreed and set with contracts. The Contractor is responsible for design and construction. The Contractor can be chosen through a tender process. The client can appoint a consultant to oversee the works. (designguidance.skillsfundingagency.bis.gov.uk) Pros Design and build is a much quicker process than the traditional method. Main contractor is responsible for the design and the construction of the project which means better flow between both processes. Costs are certain as with traditional which means easier gathering of funds from the bank. Almost 70% of traditional contracts end up over budget, compared to DB which is only around 25-30% over budget (wiki.answers.com) Cons Could cost more as bidders and can increase the price as they are tied into both the design and build stages. The contractor has no incentive to save money as they will always end up with a percentage. Some bidders will leave things out looking for expensive changes. Construction Management Construction Management is a fast track strategy this means a reduction in project time by overlapping the project design and construction phases. The provider will appoint a Construction Manager to manage the overall for a fee. Also the project has early involvement from the contractor. In this process the contracts for the sub-contractors are placed directly between the client and the sub-contractor. Construction management also has a high level of client involvement in both phases of work. Final costs unlike traditional and design and build are not known until after the project work has finished (designguidance.skillsfundingagency.bis.gov.uk). Pros Quick method to use as design and build stages overlap Early involvement from contractor which benefits the client, getting early cost estimates (www.davislangdon.com). Design can be changed during the build process far easier than with traditional methods. Cons Final costs are unknown until work has finished. Construction manager has no direct contract with the trade contractors (www.worldservicesgroup.com). Difficult to control cost increases (www.worldservicesgroup.com). Public Private Partnerships (PPP), Private Finance Initiative (PFI) Public Private Partnerships (PPP), particularly Private Finance Initiatives (PFI) projects are were a project is designed built and paid for by a business who appoints a contractor; it is then leased back to the client usually over a 30 year period. This tendering process in this procurement route is expensive and requires negotiation rather than competitive tendering. (designguidance.skillsfundingagency.bis.gov.uk) Pros The Risks of the project lye with private sector rather than the client. Method involves specialist private sector construction knowledge (www.worldservicesgroup.com). Cons In comparison with other procurement methods it takes a lot longer for work to start on site. Loss of control in the construction trade by the public sector. Can be hard to show value for money (www.worldservicesgroup.com). Confusion over what happens at the end of the buildings lease also brings up issues. Management Contracting Management contracting is also a fast track strategy which overlaps the design and construction stages and allows the project construction to start before the design is fully completed. The Management Contractor is appointed early in the design (designguidance.skillsfundingagency.bis.gov.uk). However like PFI and PPP final costs cannot be determined until the build is finished as adaptations to the design can increase cost. Pros Management Contractor has early involvement and manages works contractors (www.worldservicesgroup.com) One management structure which means the project can run more smoothly Cons No responsibility for design and construction. Management Contractor only responsible for workmanship to the extent that works contractor is responsible /able to pay (www.worldservicesgroup.com). Decision Matrix Criteria S= Score WS= Weighted Score Weighting Traditional Method. Traditional Method With 2 Stage. Design and Build. Construction Management. PFI, PPP. Management Contracting. S WS S WS S WS S WS S WS S WS A). Early contractor input into the design process. 6 2 12 2 12 5 30 6 36 6 36 6 36 B). Early start and finish or shortest total procurement time. 5 3 15 1 5 6 30 5 25 1 5 4 20 C). The building is highly specialised and technologically advanced. 4 6 24 6 24 4 16 4 16 5 20 4 16 D). A high quality of finish is important. 3 5 15 5 15 3 9 1 3 2 6 4 12 E). Project sponsor to retain design team control. 2 4 8 4 8 6 12 5 10 4 8 3 6 F). Flexibility to make changes once the work has begun. 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 5 5 4 4 5 5 Total Weighted Score 75 65 100 95 79 95 Recommendation of the Most Suitable Client-Financed Procurement Option The recommended procurement type for the John Hopkins Private Hospital in the Northeast is design and build. This is for many reasons. Firstly on the decision matrix the order of priority which has been specified by the client, design and build arrives at the highest score of 100. Design and build also rates highly on the top 3 most important factors in the decision matrix. A key aspect in the design brief is the fact the hospital must be high spec containing high tech equipment to make the John Hopkins Private Hospital a European centre of excellence. Design and build performs well to create a high spec building as there is no incentive by the contractor to save money which may be considered a disadvantage in some cases but not in this instance. Also in the budget sense unlike construction management, PFI and management contracting, the precise costs are known from the outset of the project once the design has been finished and before the construction begins and unlike the traditional methods, the majority of design and build projects finish on budget. Another important factor specified was early input from the contractor. Design and build performs well here too, as the contractor is appointed early and also as an added bonus runs both the design and build stages of the project which means smoother running and less likelihood of mistakes in both the design and construction stages of the project. However unlike construction management, PFI and management contracting, design and build does not perform as well as it is more difficult to alter the design once construction has started, yet this is not particularly high on the agenda for the project. Finally design and build projects on whole do have an early start and finish time which is high up on the criteria. This is because as the contractor is selected early and runs both the design and construction stages the project runs smoother and therefore faster yet maintains quality.

Geothermal Energy is the Solution to the Energy Crisis Essay examples -

Geothermal Energy: A Solution to the Energy Crisis Abstract So far, scientists have not found a successful substitute for fossil fuels that can handle both the large demand for energy and solve the global warming problem. I propose that geothermal energy is a clean, widely available, and renewable alternative to the usage of fossil fuels. In this paper, I will explain how use of geothermal resources can be energy-efficient, environmentally clean, and cost-effective. I believe that the US government should increase funding for geothermal energy research. This may be the solution to our present energy crisis and global warming. Introduction There is a call of action to solve today’s energy crisis. What we need urgently is a clean, abundant, and reliable source of energy. Geothermal energy may be the solution. Geothermal energy does not produce CO2 and is inexpensive compared to the unbelievably high gas prices. This type of energy is also renewable so it can continue to feed the growing population of the world. â€Å"New [geothermal] facilities can produce electricity for being between 4.5 and 7.3 cents per kilowatt-hour, making it competitive with new conventional fossil fuel-fired power plants.† (Union of Concerned Scientists, 2) This shows that if there is more research focused onto this topic, geothermal energy may become the solution to our energy crisis. Current Energy Consumption Currently, the energy consumption has been increasing exponentially. Energy consumption increases by 2% each year causing a doubling in only 35 years. As of 2003, the energy consumptions in quadrillion BTU (British Thermal Unit= 1055.06 Joules) are: North America- 118.3, Europe- 127.4, Asia- 120.2, Middle East- 19.6, Central/South America- 21.9, ... ...y source." 22 Jan. 2007. 27 June 2008 . Moore, Bill. "Sustainble Iceland: Geothermal Wonderland." 25 July 2008 . Sandoval, Steve. "Valles Caldera Geothermal focus of talk Thursday at Laboratory's Bradbury Science Museum." 26 July 2008 . Solar4Scholars. "Geothermal Energy." 25 July 2008 . Union of Concerned Scientists. How Geothermal Energy Works. 21 July 2008 . World Chancing Team. ""Hot Rocks" for Home Energy." Tools, Models and Ideas for Building a Bright Green Future. 21 July 2008 .

Communications and Information Technology and Legislation

Aistear is the curriculum framework for children from birth to six years. The Framework helps children grow and develop as confident and competent learners through fun, interesting and challenging experiences. The Aistear Toolkit is the place where you can access lots of practical resources online to help you get started with using Aistear. One of the topics discussed on the Aistear toolkit is learning through play. Children love to play and these resources will help a teacher to support children to learn through their play as suggested throughout the curriculum. We will now review one of the Aistear videos named Planning and Organising Play. The video is produced by an infant teacher. The teacher looks at pedagogical framing and her experiences of planning and organising her own classroom. There are many excellent suggestions as to how to set up play in a class room environment which I will explain next, however there are one or two weaknesses that if I was given the opportunity I would change to this video. Overall the video is very helpful and it does give excellent advice from an experienced infant teacher that would be like gold dust to an inexperienced teacher new to this profession. We will name the teacher Mary for the purpose of this critique as Aistear does not state the name of the presenter. Mary looks at pedagogical framing which she states lays the foundations for play. She calls it behind the scene work. According to Mary it includes the provision of resources, arrangement of space, and the establishment of daily routines, thematic planning and assessment. Mary communicates her message across in an orderly and mannerly tone. She is easy to listen to and reminds me of a teacher that I had many years ago wise and well experienced. I would be confident to implement her suggestions just by the tone of her voice. If I had one negative point in relation to the speaker that would be that she does not appear at any point throughout the video. It would be nice to be able to connect with her as she explains her view. The video has many strengths and I found many parts very helpful for planning play activities in the past. Mary uses her past experiences to help give advice with planning and organising a class room. The video starts by recommending different play areas that could be introduced into the classroom, Mary recommends that the teacher should choose five or six areas for the academic year. Such as sand area, water area, block area, small world, creative and social dramatic areas. Mary takes each play area that she recommends and explains the benefits of using these for the children’s learning and development. Using her experience she explains that the sand area works very well in her classroom, she goes on to explain that sand areas are excellent for small group play and that it encourages the children to use their imagination. Her advice is very helpful when she suggests that the children should select other resources from other types of play e. g. small world. I found her suggestions very helpful when planning my own activities and my learning goals were achieved when using the ideas from this video. The video explains the learning goals that can be achieved using these play areas such as having a sand area in the class room creates a learning environment, children learn sorting, counting and learn mathematical questions naturally. When I was planning activities and trying to introduce the Aistear themes such as Exploring and Thinking I introduced the sand activity to help the children understand concepts such as matching, ordering, counting, sorting, and capacity in an enjoyable and meaningful way. Mary explains that by using a water area for play it arouses the children’s curiosity and that whilst children play in the water area they are verbally interacting together. Asking questions and making comments bring forward ideas and suggestions and helps groups agree on solutions. She talks about real life or imaginative experiences using the blocks area. That play must be purposeful. This is very relevant to Aistear as throughout the Aistear curriculum it is suggested that play must have meaning so that the children will achieve there learning goals. Mary explains all the areas of play in great detail and links are evident throughout that the Aistear Curriculum is at the heart of this video, however if you as a viewer were not familiar with the curriculum and were using this video to help you to create your activity plans your plans would not meet the level that the curriculum would expect because the video does not make any distinct links to the actual layout of the Aistear curriculum. She does not mention the themes such as Well-being, Identity and Belonging, Communicating or Exploring and Thinking. The play areas that are mentioned do cover the learning goals for the themes and for an inexperienced person training to be a teacher they would not make this connection. If the video had captions throughout of the themes it would link the curriculum and the video perfectly. The Curriculum is designed around different age groups (birth to six years). The video does not mention the age groups or how each play area could be used for the different age categories. Throughout the Aistear Curriculum examples are given for babies, toddlers and young children and Mary does not implement this important distinction in the video once. The video suggests types of play that are low cost for materials and easy to set up using everyday items. The teacher recommends that the play areas be changed annually to prevent boredom for the teacher and the children. However the teacher recommends that the socio dramatic area should always be present in the classroom but does not explain why. Mary talks about the physical layout of the classroom finally which I feel was not necessary as there is a separate video in the toolkit which explores this topic in great detail. The video in my opinion is not long enough for this topic to be mentioned. This time could have been allocated to the Aistear themes and how they were achieved using the play areas discussed throughout the video. Overall the video has many useful ideas that can easily be taken and used to create a playful environment but I feel from all the information available to me that there is not a strong enough connection between the actually hard copy of Aistear and the video. References: Aistear Curriculum www.ncca.ie Aistear Toolkit www.ncca.ie/aisteartoolkit‎ Video: Planning and Organising Play http://vimeo.com/21112275

H&M: Target Costing and Business Model Essay

In the world globalization competitive increasingly environment, how is H&M’s business model maintain and enhance the competitiveness of high-speed growth? With the research of target costing and business model of system innovation theory, you can understand the H&M’s successful business. And you can understand to make much more profit by controlling target costing. Password 1: Accurately grasp and dig into the demand of the client value. Customer, this is undoubtedly the center of the whole enterprise. Philip Kotler , who from American Marketing From EMKT.com.cn think solving the problem in accordance with the conventional innovation of logic in such a competitive market is no longer applicable. But creative thinking that is based on customers showing growing charm. It is by the original alternative concept and product development to stimulate new markets and profit growth. Obviously, H&M is the master of â€Å"creative thinking† to customer demand, H&M noted that almost every shopper likes fashionable design and image of luxury clothes. But the vast majority of people have to wait until the clearance sale. Why cannot meet the customers demand of famous brand fashion design and cheap parity? According to the survey of professional organizations Verdict Research, the average price of clothing in 1995 fell 34%. But in the same period the number of women buying clothes has doubled. This suggests that consumers pay more attention to the fashion style. They buy more clothes, but wearing the times less. Meanwhile, the current consumer market is showing to the two extreme diversion state of â€Å"luxury† and â€Å"save money. In the â€Å"luxury† mode, consumers buy product and service of high quality, reflecting the personality characteristics and meeting the emotional needs at any cost. In the â€Å"save money† mode, consumers try their best to find low-cost but high-quality goods. These â€Å"contradictions† demand implies the desire of consumers for affordable fashion. H&M Fashion Group, which is to see the change of social structure and consumers, seeking to find crack password equilibrium point, creating a cheap fashion clothing brand positioning. It use the combination of its use of changing fashion and luxury quality and public evaluation to realize trafficking â€Å"fashion† like McDonald’s selling hamburgers.