Erik Erikson’s Eight Stages of Development - 1963 Words

Opening Erik Erikson stated that there are eight psychosocial stages of development. Within each of these stages, he states that there is a crisis that must be resolved. Trust vs. mistrust is the first, which occurs from the time you were born to about one year of age. From there you move on to autonomy vs. shame and doubt, which occurs from ages one to three. Then there is initiative vs. guilt, which occurs from age’s three to six. After that it is industry vs. inferiority, which occurs between ages, is six to twelve. Fowling that is intimacy vs. isolation, which occurs between ages eighteen to thirty. Then comes generativity vs. stagnation, which occurs between ages thirty and into late adulthood. The last stage is integrity vs. despair,†¦show more content†¦The child will have learned how to say no and the power of the word. If the caregiver allows the child to discover and learn new things on their own, than the children can develop a sense of autonomy. If the caregiver i s strict and does not let the child, discover things on there own the child can develop a sense of shame and doubt. There will be a sense of will in this stage. One of the neighbor kids I watch is currently in this stage. He is 2  ½ years old. He has begun to do many things by himself. He no longer needs me to feed him or stabilize him as he walks. His parents have even started him with early learning programs so he can learn by himself. He should grow up to have a sense of autonomy. Initiative vs. Guilt Erikson’s third stage ranges from ages three to six years old. The crisis in the stage is initiative vs. guilt. The child begins to learn the basics of life, what goes up must come down how to tie there shoes, fluently talk and more. Their independence is growing greater the child learns more they can do. As they learn what they can do they also start to learn what they should not do, they start feeling guilt when they do things that are wrong. Here they will begin going to preschool. They are going to start wanting to try new things and set out to complete new goals and tasks they want to do. According to David Myers â€Å"preschoolers learn to initiate tasks and carry out plans, or they feel guilty about thereShow MoreRelatedErik Erikson’s Eight Stages of Development Essay1163 Words   |  5 PagesIn Erik Erikson’s theory he explains that in every stage, a positive or a negative attitude is developed within an individual. During our developing stages we are e ither successful or we fail. Each stage will come to us whether or not we’re ready for them or not. You can think of the stages as learning stages where crisis occur .Only if we have learned from the previous crisis we are successful. You cannot avoid 1 stage and move to a next stage because of the developing process. The outcome of ourRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development1359 Words   |  6 Pages Erik Erikson â€Å"There is in every child at every stage a new miracle of vigorous unfolding.† And no matter who you are and what you do, I believe that everyone will go through stages in their life. Erik Erikson was a famous psychologist in the twentieth – century, where he developed â€Å"Psychosocial stages†. Erikson’s theories centered on issues that were met on specific ages in someone’s life. Love, care, and tender is critical and many parents do not realize how much nurturing and caring for a childRead MoreErik Erikson s Eight Stages Of Psychosocial Development1428 Words   |  6 PagesErik Erikson’s eight stages of psychosocial development are very well known in the world of psychology. 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AlsoRead MoreThe Theorist I Choose For This Paper That I Believe I Relate1509 Words   |  7 Pagesmost is Erik Erikson. Erik Erikson is best known for his theory on identity, which was a theory that was broadened from Sigmund Freud while retaining its core work (Schultz, D. Schultz, S., 2013). Erik Erikson’s mother, who was Jewish, became pregnant but a man that was not her husband after her husband’s disappearance. She was sent to Germany, where she gave birth to Erik. Erik Erikson grew up believing his p ediatrician was his biological father due to his mother marrying this man. Since Erik EriksonRead MoreCompare and contrast the developmental life span theories742 Words   |  3 PagesUrie Bronfenbrenner perspective on lifespan development was the bio-ecological approach which suggest that five levels if the environment simultaneously influence indviduals. He tagged different aspects or levels of environment that influences a child’s development. Urie Bronfenbrenner five major systems are called microsystem; which is everyday immediate environment in which children lead their daily lives. Second is the mesosystem; which provides connections between the various aspects of the microsystemRead MoreErik Erikson s Psychosocial Theory Of Development1582 Words   |  7 PagesErik Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory of Development Erik Erikson, a German psychologist of the early 1900s, is most known for his theory on psychosocial development in humans. He was heavily influenced by his work with Anna Freud and her father, Sigmund Freud. However, in his research, he put emphasis on the cultural and social impact on identity development and studying the ego, which he believed developed with successful crisis resolving throughout life (â€Å"Erikson’s Stages†, 2007). He proposed theRead MoreErik Erikson s Psychosocial Theory On Child Development1388 Words   |  6 PagesErik Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory on Child Development Erik Erikson, a well known developmental theorist, developed his theory about stages of human development from birth to death by using Freud s work as a starting point. According to Erikson, personality develops in a series of stages. Erikson found out that children experience conflicts which affect their development. He described the internal conflict which children go through in developmental stages using the term ‘crisis’ and are based onRead MorePhychosocial Development Of Erick Eriksons Psychosocial Theory943 Words   |  4 PagesErikson’s Psychosocial Stage Theory Born on 15th June, 1902, Erick Homburger Erikson made a huge contribution to the human growth and development discipline by coming up with his eight psychosocial stage theory (Patel, 2016). The theory puts emphasis on sociocultural factors as development determinants that individuals must resolve to healthily adjust to their respective environments. He structured the theory into eight stages based on the age-bracket of an individual throughout their lifetime.Read MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychology760 Words   |  4 PagesErik Erikson was a well-known 20th century psychologist who made various contributions to the field of psychology. He was born on June 15, 1902 in Frankfurt, Germany. His unnamed Danish biological father abandoned Erik’s mother before he was born. Erik was raised by his mother, Karla Abrahamsen, for the first three years and she married Dr. Theodor Homberger in 1905. His mother and stepfather raised him and Erik took his stepfather’s name, Erik A brahamsen. Erik had blond hair, blue eyes, and Nordic

Shareholder Wealth Maximisation Free Essays

SHAREHOLDER WEALTH MAXIMISATION: SUMMARY ‘Business Finance’ assumes that the objective of a company is to maximise shareholder wealth. This means that companies should attempt to maximise the value of the shareholders’ investment in the company. This is achieved by maximising ‘Total Shareholder Returns’: dividends and share price appreciation. We will write a custom essay sample on Shareholder Wealth Maximisation or any similar topic only for you Order Now The most powerful basis for understanding and measuring shareholder wealth is the ‘economic valuation model’, under which the value of the shareholders’ investment is measured as the present value of future cash flows that are attributable to the shareholders. This approach involves converting future cash flows into their equivalent value in today’s terms, by adjusting for the effect of the ‘time value of money’. The ‘time value of money’ concept refers to the reality that ? 100 today is worth more than ? 100 in a year’s time. This is for three reasons: †¢ Inflation: which reduces the purchasing power of money over time †¢ Consumption preference: we prefer to spend money now rather than wait to spend in the future †¢ Risk: this refers to the variability of future returns from an investment. This time value of money effect means that shareholders require a rate of return from their investment in a company which is sufficient compensation for the time value of money effect that they suffer. This rate of return is known as the ‘cost of capital’. For a company to create wealth for shareholders, it must generate a rate of return which exceeds the ‘cost of capital’. Arguments in favour of ‘shareholder wealth maximisation’ being the assumed objective of the company: †¢ Shareholders are the legal owners of the company †¢ Shareholders bear the risk †¢ Assuming competitive markets, maximising wealth of shareholders should ensure the interests of customers and employees are also met †¢ Decision-making is simplified Arguments against shareholder wealth maximisation: Some argue it will lead to the interests of other stakeholders such as customers and employees being neglected (eg through selling poor quality, over-priced products and providing poor conditions and rates of pay to employees). However, in competitive markets, arguably the only way that companies will create wealth for shareholders is by selling products/services customers want to buy, and therefore customers’ interests cannot be ignored. Also, the way to ensure customers’ interests are met is arguably by ensuring staff are well motivated and properly trained. Furthermore, employees prospects of having a secure and well paid job are improved by working for a company that is financially successful. †¢ Some argue that it will lead to ‘short-termism’ (decisions that improve short-term profits at the expense of long-term value, such as reducing research and development and marketing investments). However, the concept of economic value means maximising shareholder wealth should mean that long-term and short-term performance is captured. How to cite Shareholder Wealth Maximisation, Essay examples

Cyber Friends vs. Real Life Friends free essay sample

Angelica Anne A. Vermug IV- St. Rita27 Almost all of us know that there’s a big difference between cyber friends and real life friends. Many people think that these two both have the same level of friendship. Unlike those people, I think that having real friends that you personally see and talk with is priceless and irreplaceable. There’s is nothing more beautiful than great relationships with your friends whom you personally share stories with. Well, I’m not saying that having cyber friends is bad or unacceptable.I’m just saying that real life friends are better and more reliable than those whom we just added as ‘friends’ in the internet. Although cyber friends can also be great friends, there is still something that makes real friends more worth spending your time with. There’s a special connection between ourselves and our friends who we personally interact with. I too have cyber friends who I just met through social networking sites. We will write a custom essay sample on Cyber Friends vs. Real Life Friends or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I can really compare my relationship between these people to my friends who I see almost every day.My cyber friends are the ones who know information about me, like where I study, when is my birthday, or how old I am; and it’s just because a social networking site said so. What if I just wanted to say that I study at this university, even if I don’t? Would that be a shame if these so called â€Å"friends† in the internet actually thought that this is the real you the whole time, simply because they do not really know you that much. The friends that you really see almost every day are the ones who know your birthday, address, school, likes and dislikes not because they are said about these information, but because they really know you? he real you. They know your mood swings, your face when you’re angry, what you hate about your life, or how hard it is to deal with your insecurities. Not only the basic ‘autograph book’ information that they know, but also the facts that you do not really trust to some stranger with. These facts about you that you’re ashamed to share to the whole world as well as to someone you just met in the internet. Of course you do not want to have a bad impression from them; they might not like your photos! There’s always a boundary where you set the limit of the things you say to your cyber friends in your chats.To cut this short, I would rather hang out with my close friends from the neighbourhood or school than just staying home and spend hours and hours just because I’m chatting with someone. It’s not even that worth it. The time that I spend seeing my friends smile and hearing them talking with me with real conversations and response that they didn’t had the minute to think about is a lot more better than sitting at home and just staring on your laptop. I do not want the time to come that I might regret wasting that much time for someone I just met in the internet.